ELS -
Extreme long shots are used to show a person or object and usually their surroundings.
LS -
Long shots are used to show an area, such as a tv studio and set, they are used a lot at the beginning and end of multi cam productions such as quiz shows.
MLS -
Mid long shots are used for the same reason as long shots.
MS -
Mid shots are used to show a person from their waist upwards, they are used in multi cam production when the host is maybe standing up and introducing the show.
MCU -
These shots are of the shoulders and head, and allow the viewer to see the persons reaction.
CU -
Used on someone's face to show their reaction,
ECU -
These are rarely used in multi cam productions such as quiz shows, and are usually found in film or soap operas when something dramatic happens,

Signal Flow

Studio Protocol

Wherever people are working there are always rules that are to be followed strictly, and the tv studio is no different;



1)You must not run in the studio as you might trip over camera cables or loose wires.

2)Make sure you wear soft sole shoes such as trainers to help stop any damage to the studio floor.

3)When in the studio, and people are in their respective areas, only talk over the headsets, and use the correct terminology, if you are camera four wanting to speak to the director, say camera four to director, and wait for a response, the director and floor manager will be busy sorting everything else out at the same time.

4)NEVER have food or drink in the studio, this could be split and ruin expensive electric equipment, such as microphones and cameras, also there is a high risk of electrocuting yourself.

Multi Cam Production Terms

DVD READY -
This is when the people in the vision room call out to the director and sound to let them know that the dvd has been put to the right place and is ready to be played.

FLOOR READY -
This is when the studio is ready to start recording, so the audience are silent, all of the shots are set up and the talent is ready. It is the floor managers job to let the director know that this is happening.

SOUND READY -
The people in the sound room call this to the director and vision to let them know that the sound levels have been checked and are all ok to start the recording.

CUT -
This is when the director changes from one shot to another or switches camera, it lets the vision mixer,, and said camera operators know what is going to happen next so that the vision mixer knows where to go and the camera operator can sort out and make sure their shot is good.

e.g. camera 4 cut camera 2 cut
This tells us that the director has cut to camera 4 and then to camera 2

Running Order

Final Script

A final script looks like this: